Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{2x-1}=t\Rightarrow2x=t^3+1\)

Ta được hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3+1=2t\\t^3+1=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-t^3=2t-2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-t\right)\left(x^2+xt+t^2\right)+2\left(x-t\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-t\right)\left(x^2+xt+t^2+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=t\) (do \(x^2+xt+t^2+2=\left(x+\dfrac{t}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3t^2}{4}+2>0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt[3]{2x-1}\Leftrightarrow x^3=2x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x-1\right)=0\)

Tới đây bấm máy hoặc dùng Viet

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+5x+10}=a\ge0\)

\(PT\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-8=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=2\left(a\ge0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+10=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+6=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x_1=-2\\x_2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x_1^2+x_2^2=4+9=13\)

Vậy ...

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+5x+10}=t>0\Rightarrow x^2+5x=t^2-10\)

Phương trình trở thành:

\(t^2-10+2+2t=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=2\\t=-4\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+5x+10}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

1.

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}=t\ge1\Rightarrow x^2-4x=t^2-5\)

Pt trở thành:

\(4t=t^2-5+2m-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-4t+2m-6=0\) (1)

Pt đã cho có 4 nghiệm pb khi và chỉ khi (1) có 2 nghiệm pb đều lớn hơn 1

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta'=4-\left(2m-6\right)>0\\\left(t_1-1\right)\left(t_2-1\right)>0\\\dfrac{t_1+t_2}{2}>1\\\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10-2m>0\\t_1t_2-\left(t_1+t_1\right)+1>0\\t_1+t_2>2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m< 5\\2m-6-4+1>0\\4>2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{9}{2}< m< 5\)

2.

Để pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm:

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m\ne3\\\Delta'=1+4\left(m-3\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m\ne3\\m\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó:

\(x_1^2+x_2^2=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1x_2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{\left(m-3\right)^2}+\dfrac{8}{m-3}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(m-3\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{m-3}-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{m-3}=-1-\sqrt{2}\\\dfrac{1}{m-3}=-1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=4-\sqrt{2}< \dfrac{11}{4}\left(loại\right)\\m=4+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3.

Nối AI kéo dài cắt BC tại D thì D là chân đường vuông góc của đỉnh A trên BC

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{DB}{DC}=\dfrac{AB}{AC}=\dfrac{c}{b}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BD}=\dfrac{c}{b}\overrightarrow{DC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{ID}-\overrightarrow{IB}=\dfrac{c}{b}\left(\overrightarrow{IC}-\overrightarrow{ID}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b.\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{c}.\overrightarrow{IC}=\left(b+c\right)\overrightarrow{ID}\) (1)

Mặt khác:

\(\dfrac{ID}{IA}=\dfrac{BD}{AB}=\dfrac{CD}{AC}=\dfrac{BD+CD}{AB+AC}=\dfrac{BC}{AB+AC}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\overrightarrow{ID}=-a.\overrightarrow{IA}\) (2)

(1); (2) \(\Rightarrow a.\overrightarrow{IA}+b.\overrightarrow{IB}+c.\overrightarrow{IC}=\left(b+c\right)\overrightarrow{ID}-\left(b+c\right)\overrightarrow{ID}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

ĐK: \(x\ge2\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=3\sqrt{x^2-4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=9x^2-36\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-x-34=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-\dfrac{17}{9}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+5+3\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}-2=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}=t>0\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2+3t-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{-3+\sqrt{17}}{2}\\t=\dfrac{-3-\sqrt{17}}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-4x+5=\dfrac{13-3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+\dfrac{-3+3\sqrt{17}}{2}=0\)

\(x_1^2+x_2^2=\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1x_2=4^2-2\left(\dfrac{-3+3\sqrt{17}}{2}\right)=19-3\sqrt{17}\)

\(a,ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow5x-1=64\\ \Leftrightarrow x=13\left(tm\right)\\ b,ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{2}{5}\\ BPT\Leftrightarrow5x-2< 16\\ \Leftrightarrow x< \dfrac{18}{5}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}\le x< \dfrac{18}{5}\\ c,ĐK:x\ge3\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|-\left|x-2\right|=x-3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x-\left(2-x\right)=x-3\left(x< 1\right)\\x-1-\left(2-x\right)=x-3\left(1\le x< 2\right)\\x-1-\left(x-2\right)=x-3\left(x\ge2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(ktm\right)\\x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=4\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(x^3-4x^2-5x+6=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-7x^2-9x+4+x^3+3x^2+4x+2=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(7x^2+9x-4\right)+\left(x+1\right)^3+x+1=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\) (*)

Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}=a;x+1=b\)

Khi đó (*) \(\Leftrightarrow-a^3+b^3+b=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-a\right).\left(b^2+ab+a^2+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b=a\)

Hay \(x+1=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=7x^2+9x-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-4x^2-6x+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-4x^2-5x-x+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\dfrac{-1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

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